Arthritis is a term used to define over 100 rheumatic conditions and diseases. It is defined as the inflammation of one or more joints, which causes pain, swelling, warmth, redness of the overlying skin, and diminished range of joint motion.
Arthritis is generally categorised into 4 subgroups; non-inflammatory arthritis (e.g. osteoarthritis, neuropathic arthritis), inflammatory arthritis (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, gout), infectious arthritis, (e.g. septic arthritis), and haemorrhagic arthritis (e.g. haemophilic arthritis).
A number of clinical and laboratory tests are performed to diagnose arthritis. These include a thorough physical examination, blood test, joint X-ray, and synovial fluid (joint lubricant) analysis.
Treatment varies depending on the type of arthritis. However, there are three general public health interventions that can reduce the impact of arthritis: self-management education, physical activity, and weight management.
In 2007, it is estimated that 3.85 million (nearly 1 in 5) Australians have arthritis, disproportionately affecting women.
Prevalence of arthritis increases with age - half of Australians aged over 80 have some form of arthritis.
References:
"Arthritis" Concise Medical Dictionary. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. 16 October 2007.
Painful Realities: The economic impact of arthritis in Australia in 2007. A Report by Access Economics Pty Limited for Arthritis Australia 31 July 2007.
Theis, K., Helmick, C. & Hootman, J. (2007) Arthritis Burden and Impact Are Greater among U.S. Women than Men: Intervention Opportunities. Journal of Women’s Health, 16, 441-453.